Does post-development represent the end of development or a new way of Essay

Does post-development represent the end of development or a new way of thinking about how development should be promotedExplain - Essay Example It would give an illustration as to how alternative techniques should be designed to overcome any problem which may occur during the development process. At the end of the 1980s, there was and still is little proof that the ever-present Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) had motivated any development, or shaped circumstances helpful to growth. In these situations it was barely astonishing that a lot of individuals involved in development started to sense that the previous theories had unsuccessful (a remarkable exception incorporated those practitioners and intellectuals who were linked with the Washington, and other support organizations, that had prepared a considerable intellectual and economic investment in such plans as SAPs). The query was where to go from that place. Such was the character of the ‘impasse’. In the deficiency of any reliable hypothetical foundation many theorists have sought a trail through the impasse by reference to the body of premise usually known as ‘post-modernism’, or post-structuralism. History is analyzed merely as a reliant series of events. Post-modernists would also be likely to condemn what is frequently observed as an unusually modernist trust in the talent of human race to advance their situation through science, generally visualized as the capability to form and shape their world through the use of technology and such processes as balanced techniques of planning. This is not to declare that post-modernists quarrel that technology and planning never end in the most wanted, or at least useful results, although some approach quite near to such a point at times (e.g. Paul Feyerabendon science). However, they are generally doubtful of the capability of planners and social engineers to attain their apparently benevolent objectives for society (and this is to close the eyes to the chance that they may state such benign goals as a coat for less generally

Techniques Used By Mahatma Gandhi During Struggles History Essay

Techniques Used By Mahatma Gandhi During Struggles History Essay At the time when Gandhi landed in India from his long sojourn in South Africa, the Indian national movement he was already so involved with from overseas had been becalmed by the long years of split after the acrimonious Nagpur Congress of 1906. He also arrived at the moment when most of the prominent leaders who had sustained it in the first decades of the century were either dead or on the verge of death. The Congress still had not managed to find solutions to the most common objections thrown at it by the British administrators that it was highly elitist and composed of a small faction of babus. Viceroy Curzons comment that The party contains a number of intelligent, liberal-minded and public-spirited men . . . but as to their relationship with the people of India, the constituency which the Congress Party represents cannot be described as otherwise than a microscopic minority of the total population.  [1]  The creation of Home Rule Leagues by Tilak and Annie Besant may have presaged more populist methods than those used previously by the localised and conservative Congress, but the sentiments raised remained Western ideals. Annie Besants tract of 1917 said that India demands Home Rule for two reasons, one essential and vital, the other less important but weighty: first, because Freedom is the birthright of every Nation: secondly, because her most important interests are now made subservient to the interests of the British Empire without her consent, and her resources are not utilised for her greatest needs.  [2]  Highly relevant no doubt to the liberal elite who made the strongest supporters of Congress but not relevant to the ryots and the peasants whose life is not one of political aspiration but of mute penury and toil. Indeed, Gandhi made this point within a year of returning from Africa: the system of education at present in vogue is wholly unsuited to India it is a bad copy of the Western model. It has dried up all originality, the vernaculars and has deprived the masses of the benefit of higher knowledge which would otherwise have percolated to them through the intercourse of the educated classes with them. The system has resulted in creating a gulf between educated India and the masses.  [3]   One of the first tasks which Gandhi therefore set himself on rejoining his political career was to make moves to create a real national unity and to fuse together previously local or sectional interests into a genuine national movement. Indeed, he recalled of first political organ with which he chose to involve himself Gujarat Sabha that for me the value of it lies in the education that the masses will receive and the unity that the educated men and women will have of coming in close touch with the people.  [4]  Gandhi spoke to the peasants of Champaran in 1917 not of political demands, not of home rule nor for reformed legislatures and voting rights, but of the troubles which the rural folk poured out to him how they were forced to grow indigo on their best lands, of the weight of the money payments in place of the indigo obligation, how the planters servants bullied them, and how the planters enforced illegal demands on them.  [5]   Throughout all of this time that Gandhi was involved in Congress, the movement was largely characterized by its new responsiveness to the needs for links with these dominant peasant communities. This began with Gandhi though his travels across the country meant that he himself never acquired exclusive links with any particular groups in the countryside. His chief collaborators came from across the country, and themselves became involved in rural issues: Vallabhbhai Patel was a Patidar lawyer from Gujarat; Rajendra Prasad, a small landowner lawyer from Bihar; Rajagopalachari the small town lawyer from Tamil Nadu; Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a small landowner from the Frontier. Peasant communities were also encouraged to make connections with Gandhi and his collaborators: he went to Champaran and Kheda in 1917-8 after direct requests from local leaders. For the first time, as well, there were genuine moves to create a political community involving Hindus and Muslims, with Gandhis involvement with the Khilafat movement in 1920-1. As he said, I hope by my alliance with the Mahomedans to achieve a threefold end to obtain justice in the face of odds with the method of Satyagraha and to show its efficacy over all other methods, to secure Mahomedan friendship for the Hindus and thereby internal peace, also, and last but not least to transform ill-will into affection for the British and their constitution which in spite of its imperfections has weathered many a storm.  [6]   The more inclusive religious politics may have faltered later on, but Gandhi still felt confident of telling the Round Table Conference in November 1931 that All the other parties at this meeting represent sectional interests. Congress alone claims to represent the whole of India, all interests. It is no communal organisation; it is a determined enemy of communalism in any shape or form. Congress knows no distinction of race, colour or creed; its platform is Universal.  [7]  The Nehru Committee recommendations in 1928 also made so bold as to say . . On the assumption that India is to have the status of a member of the British Commonwealth of Nations there is scarcely any difference of opinion between one section or another of political India. It may be safely premised that the greatest common factor of agreement among the well-recognised political parties in India is that the status and position of India should in no case be lower than that of the self-governing dominions.  [8 ]  A more inclusive set of concerns for national politics did pose problems for the Government of India, who wished to cast the national movement as being as unrepresentative as it had previously been and it did indeed do so on several occasions, such as the Government of Indias resolution on the Non-cooperation movement in 1920: The confidence of Government in the good sense of India has already been in great measure justified by the unanimity of her best minds in their condemnation of the folly of non-cooperation. For a most weighty body of educated opinion has rejected this new doctrine as one that is fraught with the most mischievous potentialities for India.  [9]  However, as direct action proved a larger and more diverse constituency for national politics, this line of argument was quietly dropped. Gandhi also provided the national movement with innovative and attractive forms of protest which gained much more attention than the pre-war pamphlets and meetings. Where in the partition of Bengal, the boycott had been used, it had quickly descended into sporadic violence due to lack of leadership and tacit support for himsa methods. Gandhis addition of symbol and religiosity provided an extra nobility and purity to what otherwise could have descended into jacquerie. Even the British Report of the Committee appointed to investigate the Disturbances in the Punjab, in April 1919 drew attention to the sacred vow which Gandhi ordered all his followers to take: we solemnly affirm that in the event of these Bills becoming law, and until they are withdrawn, we shall refuse civilly to obey these laws and such other laws as a committee to be hereafter appointed may think fit, and we further affirm that in this struggle we will faithfully follow truth and refrain from violence to life, perso n or property.  [10]  Gandhi also brought considerable skill as a publicist and columnist for his ideas but most importantly of all he chose techniques of protest in which the disenfranchised could also play a prominent role. The campaigns of noncooperation did not bring the raj to a grinding halt British administration carried on in its usual cumbersome fashion. However, where the means of protest were as simple as changing spending habits, it was perfectly possible for people to choose the action appropriate to them, from attending a meeting to closing a shop, staying away from classes, or persuading local to stop selling foreign cloth and liquor. The handspun cloth which Gandhi hailed as the symbol of a swaraj soon became the virtual uniform of Congressmen who in an earlier generation had prided themselves on their semi-Western sartorial elegance. Even some of the more religious actions could have serious consequences for the British not least the temperance movement which hit British excise revenue hard. For those looking to be yet more active, Gandhi managed to make jail an attractive form of political protest even for such notable and law-abiding Indians as Motilal Nehru, who now went to jail as an honour, though before 1921, they would have considered it a shameful disgrace.  [11]  Between 1921 and mid-1922, four areas each produced well over 1,000 convictions, arising out of the movement.  [12]  Yet even despite this popularisation of the political process, in the early 1930s, Congress and British sources seemed to agree that the Congress standing army is at most one lac (100,000); and although in 1936 lakhs was in the plural, it was still not claim millions, or crores (10,000,000).  [13]   What allowed such a disparate group of people to nevertheless campaign together was to some extent the fact that Gandhi chose tactics which convinced all of a common enemy in the shape of the British rulers. By picking off targets on particular issues such as tax reassessments and lack of consultation rights, Gandhis supporters could join together in spite of their apparently insurmountable differences for example, Gandhi was able to win the support of both mill owners and weavers of Ahmedabad. His tactics for action also were designed to place maximum pressure on the legitimacy for British rule which the Liberals had questioned for decades at home in any case. Mahatma Gandhis statement on satyagraha in November 1919 stated that On the political field, the struggle on behalf of the people mostly consists in opposing error in the shape of unjust laws. The law-breaker breaks the law surreptitiously and tries to avoid the penalty; not so the civil resister. He ever obeys the laws of t he State to which he belongs, not out of fear of the sanctions, but because he considers them to be good for the welfare of society. But there come occasions, generally rare, when be considers certain laws to be so unjust as to render obedience to them a dishonour. He then openly and civilly breaks them and quietly suffers the penalty for their breach.  [14]  With just 100,000 Europeans in the whole country, it was clear that only a low level of civil resistance to the economic and legal bases of British rule would be sufficient to severely jeopardise the security of British tenure. By going beyond this to question even the British fitness to rule, Gandhi moved decisively beyond the aims of the nineteenth century nationalists and severely embarrassed the European rulers. For example, the commanding officer of the Amritsar Massacre was condemned by the Government of India, but received great sympathy from the British public. Gandhis response was to condemn the official report an d the government response to it as pages of thinly disguised official whitewash and called on the Indian nation to rise against an intolerable wrongs not by armed rising, but by non-cooperation: if we are worthy to call ourselves a nation, we must refuse to uphold the Government by withdrawing co-operation from it.  [15]  The 1930 salt march generated great India-wide publicity and drew large numbers to meetings, at which Gandhi appealed to village officials to resign from their posts which buttressed the imperial regime. Resignations began to occur in large numbers, under pressure of publicity and social boycott, and the Viceroy reported to London how grave the situation was as Gandhi challenged the legitimacy of government. In Gujarat the personal influence of Gandhi threatens to create a position of real embarrassment to the administration . . . in some areas he has already achieved a considerable measure of success in undermining the authority of Government. As the government of Bombay saw it, the real problem was that more and more people who used to be judged sane and reasonable were joining Gandhi, not because they expect any definite results from anti-salt laws campaign but because belief that British connection is morally indefensible and economically intolerable is gaining strength among educated Hindus, Gujaratis mostly but others also.  [16]   Yet in 1934, Gandhi agreed that three years of civil disobedience had served their time, and that the time had come for Congress to return to constitutional politics to test the forthcoming Government of India Act. Rajagopalachari argued that If the magic of the Congress name and memory of its past sacrifices are utilised, then a position of trust and confidence among the masses could be established, and whatever the new constitution may be it can give us the power., Congressmen released from prisons soon became not just leaders of a political movement, but cadres of a political party seeking to win elections. To the dismay of the British and their supporters they were able to draw on the moral authority which Gandhi and their own participation in satyagraha had won for them. Their campaign was slickly managed, appealing to traditional nationalist themes, as well as highlighting the fruits of full responsible government in the provinces, which the new Government of India Act of 1935 now provided, was, moreover, assiduously fostered. The control this allowed over land revenue administration was particularly emphasised a key theme for the zamindar class who had previously seen their interests best served by the British rather than the nationalists. In the 1926 elections, Congress had not polled very well, but in 1934, on a similarly small franchise, Congress overwhelmingly won the Central Legislative Assembly. It went on to win innumerable district board elections in the next two or three years; and in 1937, at the end was a long three-year campaigns eventually secured legislative majorities in the provincial elections in seven of the eleven provinces of India.  [17]   The fact that Gandhi still managed to inspire and to some extent control such levels of political activism for example the salt march in 1930 and the 1941 individual satyagrahi was due to a personal magnetism not shared by any other Indian leader of his generation. From the very first political actions he took in India in 1917, a young English ICS man commented that to the peasants Gandhi seemed their liberator, and they credit him with extraordinary powers. He moves about in the villages, asking them to lay their grievances before him, and he is daily transfiguring the imaginations of masses of ignorant men with visions of an early millennium.  [18]   This personal attraction was not confined to peasants, but even to the members of Congress. As the official record says for 1919, In proposing the fifth resolution Mahatma Gandhi made a speech in Hindi He said he was bound to condemn mob excesses. He admitted that these were committed under grave provocation given by the Government, but he wanted that even in grave provocation they should not lose their heads. He wanted true Satyagraha of them.  [19]  It also proved that much of the national unity which Gandhi brought into his campaigns such as the Khilafat and Rowlatt Acts in 1920-1 was based on his own personal leadership after being jailed and subsequently retiring from public life, it seemed to many that the movement he symbolized had died. Yet in response to the Simon and Nehru Commissions, Gandhi returned with a campaign of civil disobedience which brought thousands into active opposition to continued British rule. During the 1937 election campaign, it was reported that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ many villagers observed fast on the day of polling and broke it after exercising their franchise in favour of the Congress candidateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ village voters bowed before the Congress candidates box as a mark of respect to Mahatma Gandhi.  [20]  Even the government understood the personal charisma the Mahatma brought with him, and had striven not to reinforce this position with martyrdom in 1922 and 1931. His value to both followers and opponents increased, even though he was behind bars, and his year-long prison term was marked by the negotiations with the Viceroy which culminated in the Gandhi-Irwin agreement. Ultimately, despite the great veneration for Gandhi, he failed to convince other nationalists to agree with his Eastern model of swaraj. In Hind Swaraj, he said the present system of education in India perpetuated immoral ideas, bred generations of Indians eager to collaborate in an imperial regime which was importing an evil civilization and threatened to create a widening gulf between the so-called educated and the masses. He argued trenchantly for the use of vernaculars as opposed to English, and the abandonment of the current over-literary and foreign syllabus in favour of study soundly based on spiritual values in the context of practical labour.  [21]   While symbolically Nationalist leaders were in favour of this, divergences became very obvious. So much so that Gandhi retired for a second time from Congress politics, saying in 1934 that I have referred to the common goal, but I have begun to doubt if all the Congressmen understand the same thing by the expression Complete Independence. For me Purna Swaraj has an infinitely larger meaning than Complete Independence, but even Purna Swaraj is not self explained. No one word or compound expression will give us a meaning which all can understand.  [22]  Clearly it did not have this meaning to Gandhis colleagues. Even Gandhis ideas of swadeshi did not create the impression he had intended: I put the spinning wheel and khadi in the forefront. Hand-spinning by the Congress intelligentsia has all but disappeared. The general body of them have no faith in it. The removal of the khadi clause in the constitution would mean removal of the living link between the Congress and the millions w hom it has from its inception sought to represent; and yet if it remains, it has to be rigidly enforced. But it cannot be, if a substantial majority of the Congressmen have no living faith in it. . .  [23]  Gandhis early consideration for the Muslim community did not prevent the Muslim community withdrawing from the Congress actions; and although Gandhi himself was very opposed to the two-nation theory, the Muslim Leagues demands were never seriously heeded by a Congress whose focus was securely on the British raj. In fact, Congress refused to go into coalition with the Muslim League after the 1937 legislative elections. Even the distinctively Indian conception of self-rule which Gandhi spent his life trying to deliver, did not force out Western political doctrines. Jawaharlal Nehru used his Presidential Address at the 1936 Congress to say I am convinced that the only key to the solution of the worlds problems and of Indias problems lies in socialism, and when I use this word I do so not in a vague humanitarian way but in the scientific, economic sense. . I see no way of ending the poverty, the vast unemployment, the degradation and the subjection of the Indian people except through socialism. That involves vast and revolutionary changes in our political and social structures, the ending of vested interests in land and industry, as well as the feudal and autocratic Indian States system. . . Some glimpse we can have of this new civilisation in the territories of the USSR. Role of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose in the Freedom Movement In the Congress, there was a group which was influenced by the socialistic idea. This group had young elements such as Subhas Chandra Bose, J.L.Nehru, J.P.Narain, Acharya Narendra Dev, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia, as its workers. They worked in mobilizing the working class and the peasant for the national movement and radicalizing the Congress. Again there was a division in this group. Some members formed Forward Block with Subhash Chander Bose as its member. Netaji did not agree with Gandhiji on peaceful agitation. He launched an uncompromising struggle against the British imperialism after the outbreak of Second World War. The government banned this organisation and arrested almost all its important leaders. Subhash Chander Bose was also arrested but, in a, very mysterious way, he escaped from the-custody of the government and reached Germany and japan via Kabul. He organised Azad Hind Fauz though a stop in this direction had already been taken up by Captain Mohan Singb.Hemade Indian Nat ional Army out of the Indian prisoners in Japan. He was Supreme Commander of the Azad HindFauj. A womans regiment (Rani Jhansi) was also formed under the captaincy of Laxmi Swaminathan. He came to Singapore via Japan. He established a provincial government ofAzad Hindustan with H.Q_ at Singapore on October 21, 1943. His government was given recognition by many nations. He declared war against the U.S.A. and its allies and made Burma as H.Q. He called upon the people to give him their blood and he would give them independence. The Indian National Army perxtrzted into the Indian soil and took possession of some area of Manipur Aishavpur. He planned to march 6y declaring Delhi Chalo (March to Delhi). laspite of his determination, his dreaund liberating the motherland was 1*x)t fulfilled due to shortage of food, tack of forces, ammunition and onset of monsoon. The action of the Indian National Army awakened the national feelings and had its impact on all sections of the people. The people were prepared to make any sacrifice f6r the country. The slogan Jai Hind influenced the people greatly. It is sad to say that Netaji was reported to be killed in an air-crash. Shah Nawaz, Dhillon and Sehgal who had deserted Indian Army to join INA of Netaji Subliash Bose were tried before a Court Martial in Red Fort, Delhi. The Congress leaders defended these patriotic sons of India. The Court Martial convicted them and awarded death penalty for sedition. There was resentment among people against this decision. As such the government did not dare to execute them. Governor-General set them free by using his special powers. The contribution of Netaji and members of Indian National Army is significant. They aroused national feelings. Their action forced the British government to free the country at the earliest, His dreams came true and India became free on 15th August, 1947 after a long struggle. The Britishers exploited our economy. They used our economic surplus for their own gain and drained our wealth to their motherland. They devised the policy of divide and rule and aroused communal feelings in our society: In 1857, there was a revolt against the regime of East India Company because of exploitation and other factors. Our leaders termed it as First War of Independence whereas Britishers dubbed it as Mutiny a mere sepoy rebellion. Although it failed because of the absence of common purpose, unity and co-ordination, and non-availability of modern weapons and Social, religious and economic factors awakened the national feelings among the people of India. Communication and transport, introduction of western education brought the people closer to each other and they decided to dislodge the British Government. The people felt the need fora common platform to oppose the Britishers and they started forming associations in order to right the Government unitedly. It was in 1885 that the Indian National Congress came into existence. During the first 20 years of its inception, the Congress was reformist and liberal organisation. In the beginning of 20th century, young members of Indian National Congress became opponents of liberal policies of the Moderates. Because of the difference of opinion the Congress was splitted in the year 1907 at its Surat session. However, with the efforts of Annie Besant and other leaders, both groups, got united in the year 1916 and the Congress started the struggle for freedom unitedly. Non-corporation (1920-22), the Civil Disobedience (1930) and the Quit India (1947} Movements proved milestones in the subsequent period. Finally it was in 1947 that India got Independence from the British rule. In 1915, Mahatma Gandhi came back from South Africa, where he successfully opposed the policy of racial discrimination of the South-African government with non-violent means. After the passage of Rawlatt Act which aimed at arresting-any Indian without trial, there was a protest all over the country. The feelings of Indian people were suppressed-resulting in Jallianwala Bagh massacre. Congress became agitated with the above massacre and with other events in the country and decided to launch non-cooperation movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. In this movement, people boycotted foreign goods and govt. institutions and made bonfires of foreign goods. However, Mahatma Gandhi suspended this movement because of violence in Chauri Chaura (Gorakhpur). Mahatma Gandhi launched civil disobedience movement again in 1930 by a march to DANDI to break the salt-law. The Congress in its Lahore session held on 31st December, 1929 adopted a resolution for complete independence and decided to observe 26th January every year as independence day fill the country gets independence. With the out-break of second world war and Britishers not taking the Congress into confidence for war, Congressmen became agitated, Congress under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi decided to launch Quit India Movement. He termed this as the last struggle of his life to win the freedom. This was a decision to do or die. ft was a mass struggle based on non-violence. But this movement was also crushed with a heavy hand. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose with his Indian National Army played a significant role in the achievement of freedom. He declared war against the British. He aroused national feelings among the people. Netaji and other freedom fighters dream became true and India got independence on 15th August, 1947 after a long freedom struggle.

Japanese culture Essay -- Essays Papers

Japanese culture The small island country of Japan is rich in a culture that has developed over thousands of years. It is very difficult to analyze another culture without some knowledge of that culture first. During my two year residency in Japan, my eyes were opened to the culture of Japan and its people and I grew to love it as much as my own. (The ideas expressed in this essay mainly consist of my own knowledge and observations of Japan). The Japanese are a very traditional people. But this should not be confused with a primitive people, because the Japanese are not primitive by most dictionaries' definitions of the word. Japan has been changing in recent years in its view of its own economy, in its social interactions, in its thoughts about religion, and in its overall view of its place in the world and among other nations. For the past decade, the Japanese economy has been one of the strongest and most stable economies in the world. In analyzing why it has been so successful, several factors must be considered. First, the education system of Japan is one of the highest ranked in the world. The reason for this is that Japanese children go to school and study more than students in most other countries. The school year lasts for 240 days and each school day is very long. Furthermore, most students go to "cram schools" to study even more after the regular school day is over. This is all in preparation for the college entrance exam (Morton, 251-255). Some people have also said that this prepares Japanese youth for their future in companies with jobs that require great dedication and 80 to 90 hour work weeks. This dedication of Japanese employees to their work contributes greatly to the strength of the economy of Japan. They feel like they are part of a big family (the company). Employees work together for the benefit of the company as a whole. They truly feel that their hard work and success contribute to the company's success and growth. Companies also have special programs and classes for the employees, who are the children, to make them feel at home. There are company athletic clubs and cultural classes, such as flower arrangement and the tea ceremony. Since everyone is a member of the "family" in Japan, decisions that the company must make are circulated among the lower echelons of the work force for their opinio... ...a well-organized priesthood. Although its view of the world is quite different than that of Shinto, the optimism that the two share causes them to mesh well. Christianity is also present in Japan, but only about 1% of the total population is of the Christian faith. In spite of the low percentage of Japanese Christians, many people have Christian weddings in Japan now. Finally, comparing Japanese culture to American culture is a very daunting task. Japan is a country which is thousands of years older than the United States. Although one might think the Japanese seem to be nothing like Americans, they are outwardly very much the same. For example, the Japanese listen to music, watch movies, play sports, and go to work and to school the same way Americans do. But it is the "kokoro," which is the mind and soul, of a Japanese person that is truly different than that of an American. This "kokoro" is something that can not be easily explained or understood. It is an awareness which one slowly receives as he or she is truly immersed in the culture of the rising sun of Japan. Bibliography Morton, W. Scott. Japan, Its History and Culture. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994

Jose Rizal’s Life Essay

1. Surname-â€Å"Rizal† Jose Rizal and his family got the surname ‘Rizal’ from his Chinese ancestor Domingo Lameo. Rizal means â€Å"Ricial or grains†, and they started using it 1731. His true surname is Mercado, but to keep his family safe he used the surname Rizal. His brother insisted that he adopt the name Rizal in order to avoid the obvious stigma that the Alonzo y Mercado name had recieved from Paciano’s association with Father Burgos, and the family’s prominence in the native community. Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Where_did_Jose_Rizal_get_his_surname_Rizal#ixzz1C3si8ka5 http://www.schillerinstitute.org/educ/hist/rizal.html 2. Jose Rizal’s reason in going out of the country Rizal went out of the country because he wants to discover,explore other places and to learn new things. Rizal went to other countries to study, he also wants to learn different languages, he studied medicine because he wants to give cure of his mother’s eyes. Rizal build up businesses, experiencing life to the fullest while he’s out of the country, he changes his girlfriend whenever he wants. But going out of the country is not about pleasure, Rizal was there to hide, because he’s life was already in danger that he has to hide for awhile. There are many accussations thrown on him during those times. He has to go out of the country with all his love for his family and for all the filipinos; to protect his family and his countrymen. If he choses to expose himself to the opponent, whole filipinos life will be in much danger than it really was. 3. Part of Rizal’s life  2 May 1883 – Visitacià ³n 8 – 3rd floor, No. 4 Yesterday, one year ago I left my home to come to this country. How many illusions one entertained and how many deceptions! Yesterday, all day and night, I kept recalling all that had happened to me since then. I took my diary and read it, which reminded me of faded impressions. Though sick, I’ll continue my diary because I see that it is most useful and above all it consoles the soul when nothing more remains of its former treasures. This morning I went to see the celebration of Dos de Mayo (2nd May) [05]. There were many people around the obelisk where I saw a tiny altar with some candles. Everywhere could be heard the cries of newspaper vendors which recalled the 2nd of May. In the afternoon we — Zamora, Villanueva, and I — went to see the civic procession. Many soldiers and members of the different corporations. The King does not attend this national celebration. I received from the Philippines a letter of L.R. [06] of 26 March. * Rizal went out of the country because of his true love for the country and his family. He wants to protect those people that he really love. During the day that he wrote it, he’s sick, he’s like crying everything to his diary and that is the best that he did, to write, he write everything coz he knows that those writings will be very useful to help and save his country, but what i like about it is that he uses a diary in dealing with his emotions, the diary is like someone who will collect every details of your story. It’s almost a treasure, it holds everything even secrets. During that sad moment, rizal recalls some moments of his life, from the day that he’s in the Philippines up to the day that he has to leave for the sake of everyone. With a diary, everything was just like yesterday. I was really touched will this part of his diary. Even he’s sick he still keeps on writing, i can really realate here, i can imagine him writing while recalling those sad moments of his life, it’s painful and really wanna makes me cry, because Rizal has been a very good man ever since he was born, Rizal was full of love, he’s really humble, and being humble is not an easy thing to learn. It’s not just about doing good things, it’s about doing good things from the heart, and Rizal was always sincere on what he intended to do same with what he really does..even sacrificing his own life, from his heart he sincerely wants to give it up just to save every life of his country men. And that intention will never be easy to do, you will just learn to do it when you’re humble and full of love just like Rizal, his intentions are good and it really reflects him . Life of rizal was not that good at all, he has to sacrifice, he has to suffer, he has to hide even tough all that he want was to write and make the filipinos realize that they’re being cheated and abused by those foreigner, those people who came from other country was very deceitful, they’ve been a dictator and pretentous that the filipinos are not awared of it and they let their fears and stupidity control them. He died beacuse of his love for every filipino and it’s not right to question him being our national hero, after all that he has done, Rizal’s diaries has been very useful, all of his writings are useful, it really tells how he fought for our country in more simple ways. Every writings has a story to tell. I like every part of Rizal’s life when he’s writing, i don’t know all that he write but i like that he is writing. It’s not just about the diary, i mean everytime that he write. Coz i want to write as well as if i’m a writer but i don’t know where to start coz i think you really have to be knowledgeable, it’s not just you’ll write but you have to make sure that it has an appeal and it will effectively influence the readers, so i am really amazed because Rizal was very smart and god has given him that talent to write, he’s full of passion on everything. Before and now, he is a very good author of those well known books. He has influence everyone before to fight with him for the country against those user and abusive people from other country.

Bates Boatyard

Table of Contents Facts| †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦| 2| Analysis| †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦| 2| ConclusionsReferences| †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦| 56| Issues 1. a. What would you tell Bates concerning her ac counting needs, emphasizing the uses of the accounting information for all stakeholders within and without the business? 2. a. The boatyard operates how many businesses? b. What are the accounting information needs for managing these businesses? FactsSarah Bates a returning Navy civilian decides to buy a business with the money she has saved along all this time. Bates buys a small boatyard in a town on the coast of Maine where she had spent many summers. The business being somewhat larger than she could finance alone, she had borrowed the additional funds required from a friend, giving a mortgage on the property as security. Along this way she realized she needs adequate accounting records. The records on hand were for cash receipts and disbursement only, as well actual balance sheet and profit and loss statement.Bates did not have any background on accounting therefore she finds helps from a friend of her, who advice her on what kind of accounting records should be kept and what ki nd of financial and cost information should be developed to control operations and to make proper charges to customers for services rendered. Some of the facts of the business are, one of the properties was a large shed for the winter storage of boats. Since the place was very suitable for larger boats there was a great demand for the space in it on the part of owners of expensive boats among the summer people.Also there was plenty of empty land on the shore front outdoor storage, the space was rented and also hired to haul the boats in equipment that it had for the purpose. During spring and other seasons there was a lot of business in painting and repair work for boats. Also she had a large sized work shed containing woodworking tools and space for when the weather was not the best to work outside it could be done inside. Lastly the property included a good sized wharf and float, a store for the sale of marine hardware and supplies, and gasoline pumps.Analysis 1. Bates did not hav e any proper accounting system; Bates only has record for cash disbursement and cash receipts. Bates should use the cost accounting system. This system is suitable for her as she can identify and assign the cost to each department. Bates should implement segmental reporting for each of the department so that she can assess the contribution and profitability of different departments by comparing the revenues and costs that they generate.Based on the segmental reporting, she can identify whichever departments that contribute profit or loss to her business. At the same time she can remove the unprofitable department. Bates needs to keep other accounting records other than the cash disbursement and cash receipts. She has too many business activities without any proper accounting management. Bates should identify which activity she wants to focus more on and, to be able to make it as her core business.Based on the segmental reporting used, Bates can analyze and determine which continuous ly gives profit to her. There a couple of suggestions Bates should implement on her accounting needs, first of all to implement a computerized accounting system in order to generate proper accounting records, since manual records are subject to greater human error, and can be easily misplaced. As for inventory purpose on her store, she should have an automated system that can help her keep track of inventory.Also Bates should conduct a cost benefit analysis, she wants to invest more money from capital that she does not have at the moment by adding a fishing tackle, sporting goods, and refreshment to her retail shop and without finding out if by adding the shop would really add more value into her business. Also she needs to study on what seasons is her business more profitable, in order to use the space more efficiently and effectively, and at the same time to segregate duties accordingly to demand of customers. . a. The Boatyard operates 3 different businesses. The first one is a l arge shed for winter storage of boats. There is great demand for space since it is a very suitable space for boats. Also there is more space for storage and haul of boats in on equipment on the front. The second one is a large sized work shed containing woodworking tools and space to construct about six boats up to 40 feet in length at one time. This space also it could be used for painting and repair shop.Lastly a good size wharf and float, store for the sale of marine hardware, supplies, and gasoline pumps, also a great spot for people who surfs to be around. b. One of the accounting information that Bates needs in order to manage his business, would be to calculate certain business functions costs. Bates needs to determine how much labor is used and the amount of materials used. Since managerial accounting helps decide the amount of time spent on each customer to maximize profit. Cost Objects need to be identified for measuring and assigning costs.For Bates there are different co st objects involved, which are; a large shed for winter storage, empty land for outdoor storage, and a yard at the same time as painting and repairing department. Another cost objects include; work shed for construction of boats, hardware and supplies store, gasoline pump, wharf and float. Each of these cost objects should be clearly defined as a separate department. The cost must be identified, measured and assigned to each department for planning, controlling and decision making.The direct cost can be identified through direct tracing that recognizes costs that are exclusively and actually associated with each department. To assign costs that have a cause and effect relationship with each department, the driver tracing method should be used, and this method is less expensive than assignment or allocation and the result is usually more accurate. At the same time indirect cost must be assigned through allocation. These costs must be measured with high degree of accuracy so that the profit can be calculated correctly.This cost information is needed for setting up objectives such as quality of painting and repair work; in order to reduce inspection costs, customer complaints, and waste material. Another objective would be evaluation suppliers and signing a contract with the suppliers for long term supply of defect free hardware tools and supplies at a fixed rate. An additional objective is that, maintenance costs must be identified as well as budgeted, and a maintenance schedule should be made to reduce labor costs. This is accomplished by having performance reports that compare the actual data with budgeted, planned data.A schedule must be maintained for employees working in painting, repair department and hardware store to avoid overtime premium. In order to achieve all the objectives, the best strategies need to be chosen and implementation of all objectives must be monitored so that corrective action can be taken. Conclusions 1. I would extremely recommend B ates to analyze her economically and business position at this moment. She needs to understand that she is involved in so many different businesses at this moment, and she is really the only one who is somehow on control and management of the all businesses.She should either take some intensives classes in how to use managerial accounting correctly or hire someone with accounting background that would advise her and collect the necessary data in order to used it properly, and to make the right decisions. Also since she just started her business she should study the industry that she is getting involved in first, before she make any further decisions in investing more money or expanding her business. At the same time she should try to focus in one business at the time to make sure everything gets handle the way it should be, as she could start earning some profit as soon as possible.Lastly she needs to understand that since she borrow some money she would need to start adjusting her finances, and increase profit in order to comply with all of her obligations that would be coming up. 2. a. the business operated by Bates Boatyard are described on analysis 2a along the analysis we could observed how many different business she is operating, and once again recommender her to focus one by one at the time, to ensure everything is running well on her business.

As Media Studies Coursework Evaluation Essay Example

As Media Studies Coursework Evaluation Essay Example As Media Studies Coursework Evaluation Essay As Media Studies Coursework Evaluation Essay Media Coursework â€Å" Final Evaluation My task was to create a magazine using at least three pages of original material for an article of my choice; I was to produce a front cover, a contents page and a double page spread. I aspired to create a fashion magazine that would combine the class and elegance of Vogueâ„ ¢ with the more high street prices of Glamourâ„ ¢, creating a magazine which would be aimed at young women aged 16-21, this includes teenagers (a particular social group) and also includes young adults. This is represented on the front mainly, due to the model I used being around the same age range as my target audience and they would be within the range of A, B or C social class categories meaning for a mass circulation, this is in line with other magazines of my chosen genre, as all magazines of this genre will want to appeal to a mass audience, they will do this by using what is known as an house style effect, for example Vogueâ„ ¢ magazine will use the same generics from time to time, so it will appe al to the audience being that it is predictable, it allow the audience to feel safe with the magazine feel secure with it, safe, itâ„ ¢s one of the main reasons why consumers of the magazine will buy the same magazine over and over again, Vogue does this as they know that this house style is appealing and that most audiences donâ„ ¢t like change, so they will tend to do this repetitively because they know they will attract their audience, I shall use this to conform to the generic of the genre I want to portray. The social group that mainly appears in my magazine are teenagers and young adults. They are represented through the colour scheme, pink, purple, white and black which keeps it simple but the white makes it stand out, to become unique, different and vibrant. I think this reflects the individuality shown by teens and pre-adults today. Also pink is stereotypic colour representing the femininity present within the magazine and reflects the fashion genre of the magazin e; my magazine is aimed at a younger female demographic. For my magazine I decided to stick to the normal conventions of a fashion magazine e.g. picture in the middle, title at the top, cover lines on the side, etc. The visual conventions I used were: masthead at the top, picture in the middle, date, price, barcode, tagline and cover lines either side of the image. To conform to the generics of a fashion magazine I have discovered in my research that many of the high end magazines had names in other languages for example Elleâ„ ¢ magazine, Elleâ„ ¢ is French for Sheâ„ ¢ therefore this aspired me to name my magazine La Femmeâ„ ¢ the French word for Women, which all links to the major theme of my magazine, which connotes that it would appeal to the more educated demographic Class B readers as these certain readers will get the preferred meaning that it means Womenâ„ ¢ and thus suggesting it is within womenâ„ ¢s interest. Also, I have used an example of the Hypodermic Syringe Theory on the front cover of my magazine; by placing a selling line cleverly juxtaposed below the masthead named The New Feminineâ„ ¢ it is an example of the Hypodermic Syringe Theory as it injects the idea that this one magazine is the only fashion magazine the consumer will ever need because it is the new supposed way of fashion, it is suggesting new fashion to the consumers and this would most likely to attract my target audience as they would want to satisfy their curiosity for this supposed new fashion. Even if the audience do not get the preferred meaning, this selling line will be sure to make them aware that it is a fashion magazine. It suggests that it will be the only magazine the audience will ever need, and so the audience will use this as a layer of needs, Abraham Maslowâ„ ¢s theory hierarchy of needs suggested that we all have different layers of needs, and that we achieve certain needs before going onto the next layer, so they will use this selling line because if it is the only ever magazine that they are going to need then they will use it for a sense of security, so they feel safe with the magazine. If the audience feel this way, then they will most likely buy the magazine and to continue buying it and the producers of the magazines know this, and will most likely use it for their advantage, so this is suggesting that they have power over us as they know our needs, they know what we want, so they can use this in a way to manipulate us all. Karl Marx believed that social change is what was needed for a better society, and to get social change there must be class conflict. Marxs major concern of social change was economic change. Marxs most well known work dealt with class conflict, the opposition between the capitalists and the working class. The bourgeoisie in this case are the producers of the magazines, and if they know our needs then they can use it to manipulate us into buying t heir magazine, so by suggesting this ideology in my selling line, it will make the audience use the magazine in this way, and is also a form of manipulative power, which Karl Marx suggested that those in power use their knowledge of our needs to manipulate us, and if the producers know this, they know what we want, and we will most likely buy the magazine again, they are manipulative in this way. Other features would include the main image which I have cleverly positioned the model in a sexual manner this also conforms to the generics of a fashion magazine as I have discovered in my research that fashion magazines have the tendency to position their models in this way, Laura Mulveyâ„ ¢s Male Gaze Theory would suggest that the male gaze is present within the way I have positioned the model as she does not look like she is in any position of power at all, Laura Mulvey would suggest that she has been deprived of her human agency and relegated to a status of a mere object, as she appears to be more like an accessory to the magazine, rather than a human being. Iâ„ ¢ve done this by purposely positioning her in a way that supports what Laura Mulvey also suggested in her Theory of Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema; she stated the following; Women as image, men as bearer of the look thus connoting the idea that sheâ„ ¢s an accessory, something to be played around with, she doesnâ„ ¢t look like she has any power whatsoever, her body language suggests this, it looks like she has been told to position herself in this way, possibly by a male figure, because her body language tells us that she needs help, a kind of support from a male, sheâ„ ¢s trying to support her weight by placing one hand of her hip and another trying to conceal herself, suggesting that she insecure with herself. I also noticed in my research that on each of the front covers the models that they used had a direct mode of address with the audience because the models were looking right at the audience forming some sort of relationship with the text, because if they can relate to the magazine they will most likely buy it, so I was sure to use this generic on the front cover of my production, so it would fit with the genre I was trying to portray and did not subvert, I found this generic while analysing other magazines in my research, so I purposely used the generic to conform to the normal conventions of a fashion magazine. I have also used an example of Bulmer and Katzâ„ ¢ Theory Uses and Gratifications Theory, by featuring several different celebrity article titles for those who use the text for integration and social interaction purposes, the audiences who get pleasure of the text from just knowing about celebrities lives, this is all from what I have seen in my research for example; on a recent front cover of Glamourâ„ ¢ Magazine, the anchorage text is an article of Victoria Beckham, thus forcing Victoria Beckham fans to want to buy the magazine as they would want to know the recent events in her life, they would therefore also use this for information, so that they can satisfy their curiosity and general interest with their celebrity this is how I will attract my target audience because if an celebrity is featured in a magazine then it is likely for readers to read it, this is called imagined communities , which states that a nation is a community socially constructed, which is to say imagi ned by the people who perceive themselves as part of that group, so the audiences of my genre will tend to perceive themselves as part of their celebrities life just by reading it in a magazine, when they make that use of the magazine, this is a generic I have used to conform to this conventions. The contents page of my production is very much inspired by Vogueâ„ ¢ magazine which has a simplistic approach to the presentation, itâ„ ¢s not too busy, but fills the space perfectly meaning the reader can easily find the article they are looking for without the struggle of fighting through bright colours and confusing shapes, I have used subheadings in which the different features have been sorted into, meaning that the reader can scan through the areas of the magazine that are of most interest to them, the main attraction of the content page is a main image of the model I have used on the front cover of my magazine, because she is the main feature of the magazine it would only be natural that she would also have a major importance on the content page; because the audiences would want to be easily guided to the main feature of the magazine, because that is what attracted them to read the magazine in the first place. For my last piece of production I have created a double page spread which would be the inside article from the anchorage I have used on the front cover of my magazine. It is an interview based article which is between the model that is anchored on the front cover of the magazine and La Femmeâ„ ¢, in my audience research, I found out that 15% of women in 2011 would read a fashion magazine if it featured a celebrity in it and a further 10% of women were influenced by what the celebrities wore and so I wanted to use these statistics to regularly attract my target audience. I used a combination of fonts, colours and pictures which would make the double page spread appear attractive and appealing to the audience. I am particularly proud of this piece of the production as what I have produced fits in with what exactly I wanted to produce, and it has a definite flow to it, as it carefully leads the eye to the parts which will make the reader want to fully read the article. In my research I have noticed that many celebrity interviews will use short quotes from the interview which jump right out from the page by using a larger font size and different font colour and therefore I tried and found this technique to be quite successful in my double page spread, this would be more appealing to my target audience as it would be more attractive and they wouldnâ„ ¢t bore easily from it. I have also used an example of; Denis McQuailâ„ ¢s Uses Gratifications theory which suggest that the audience interacts with the text in 4 different ways. Entertainment, Information, Personal Identity and Integration and Social Interaction, this example can be found on my double page spread, on at the bottom right, I have featured a section called Isabelleâ„ ¢s Wish Listâ„ ¢ which is giving advice to the reader and suggesting styles that work for Isabelleâ„ ¢ and giving the impression to the audience that these styles will work for them also. The audience would use this for Information as they would be seeking advice and information on practical matters or opinion and decision based choices for example they might use this advice to change their appearance or dress sense in hopes of looking or feeling like their celebrity; and also for personal identity as they would use this section in hopes of becoming more like the celebrity and this is also an example of the Star Th eory because if a celebrity is wearing it, it must be fashionable and also they would take her advice in hopes of becoming more like or closer to their celebrity. In Conclusion, I feel that I have managed to create a high quality production for the budget and resources I was provided with and feel there are many individual parts of my magazine which demonstrates excellent production values which I feel could be seen in huge circulation, mainstream magazines. I found this project increasingly interesting and I have learnt a variety of things from it, I have learnt actual the conventions of a fashion magazine better, in the pre-production I did not know where to place things but in the actual production I knew exactly what to do due to my research. I am also more familiar with Adobe Photoshop, more now than before; I also learnt how to set up a small studio and position lighting equipment etc. to enhance the quality of photographs and I learnt how to set up and use a camera correctly and also add effects, also using the zoom tool to get an accurate shot. I also learnt that planning and research pays off, in the pre-production we had very littl e time to research and this reflected in the production, I looked in depth of other magazines of the same genre to make sure I was getting it right, I found this very reassuring and made the whole project allot easier to complete and refine. If I were to do this project again, then I would pay close attention to the detail in which I produce, for example on my double page spread, as there was a variation in the typography of the size of the font in which I used, this was due to a technical issue which occurred in Photoshop, however if I were to do this again, I would of paid the attention needed to correct this. Also I would change the quality of the image, however I do feel that I have managed to create high quality production with the resources I have been provided.

Self-government essays

Self-government essays They were our children. And we owe them a debt. We owe them the dignity, the courtesy, of instilling their lives with meaning. We owe them the promise that we will not let despair engulf us, that we will keep looking for solutions-not magic bullets that will solve event problems overnight, but concrete steps to improve the lives of young Aboriginal people, from coast to coast. Natives such as the Inuit, Metis, First Nation, and Aboriginal people across Canada have been negotiating with the federal government over resources, land claims and conservation of traditional cultural activities. Native Chiefs who are the representatives of the native people stated that their unfairly treated people are facing with high unemployment, hopeless poverty, alcoholism and substance abuse and increase of suicide rates because of language, culture and prosperity of non-natives. Many believe that by having self-government, the natives would regain some control over their own conditions and restore their pride and freedom. Today the issue of self-government, for aboriginal peoples, is one of cultural survival as a distinct people. Self-government will allow the preservation of traditional cultural activities, provide self-worth along with power and dignity and stop problems with the non-native. The idea of self-government has always been with aboriginal peoples in Canada. Nowadays, the power held by First Nations has instead been handed down by Ottawa and given approval by various provincial authorities. However, First Nations claim they do not need this kind of permission from these various levels of government, as the right to self-determination has always been theirs. Because of this attitude or belief, there had been many fights and arguments between the aboriginal people and the non-native people. Native people hunt and fish without license, in other words, break the rules such as not allowed to fish in a given season. Of course, t...

Future Years SAT Test Dates, Schedules, and Deadlines

Future Years' SAT Test Dates, Schedules, and Deadlines SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Future SAT test dates are only confirmed less than a year in advance, but we at PrepScholar have done the hard work of looking at past test date patterns to predict future SAT test dates and registration deadlines. For 2018-19, the official timetable is set in stone. But even though they're more uncertain, we can predict future years like 2020 and 2021 with decent confidence. These predictions have been updated in March 2019 to reflect the latest possible data. For historical SAT test dates, check out our posts on past SAT test dates from 2017-18, 2016-17, 2015-16, and 2014 and before. SAT Test Dates and Deadlines 2018-19 This year's test dates and registration deadlines are officially confirmed by the College Board. Test Date Registration Deadline Late Registration Deadline Aug 25, 2018 July 27, 2018 Aug 15, 2018 Oct 6, 2018 Sept 7, 2018 Sept 26, 2018 Nov 3, 2018 Oct 5, 2018 Oct 24, 2018 Dec 1, 2018 Nov 2, 2018 Nov 20, 2018 Mar 9, 2019 Feb 8, 2019 Feb 27, 2019 May 4, 2019 Apr 5, 2019 Apr 24, 2019 June 1, 2019 May 3, 2019 May 22, 2019 Warning: SAT Test Dates May ChangeSign up to Receive Free Updates // SAT Test Dates and Deadlines 2019-20 The 2019-20 test dates are listed by the College Board but still subject to change. The registration deadlines are projected by PrepScholar. Please read the notes about projection accuracy below. Test Date Registration Deadline Late Registration Deadline Aug 24, 2019 July 26, 2019 Aug 14, 2019 Oct 5, 2019 Sept 6, 2019 Sept 25, 2019 Nov 2, 2019 Oct 4, 2019 Oct 23, 2019 Dec 7, 2019 Nov 8, 2019 Nov 26, 2019 Mar 14, 2020 Feb 14, 2020 Mar 4, 2020 May 2, 2020 Apr 3, 2020 Apr 22, 2020 June 6, 2020 May 8, 2020 May 27, 2020 SAT Test Dates and Deadlines 2020-21 Like above, the 2020-21 test dates are listed by the College Board but still subject to change. All registration deadlines are projected by PrepScholar. Please refer to the notes about projection accuracy below. Test Date Registration Deadline Late Registration Deadline Aug 29, 2020 July 31, 2020 Aug 19, 2020 Oct 3, 2020 Sept 4, 2020 Sept 23, 2020 Nov 7, 2020 Oct 2, 2020 Oct 21, 2020 Dec 5, 2020 Nov 6, 2020 Nov 24, 2020 Mar 13, 2021 Feb 12, 2021 Mar 3, 2021 May 8, 2021 Apr 2, 2021 Apr 21, 2021 June 5, 2021 May 7, 2021 May 26, 2021 SAT Test Dates and Deadlines 2021-22 This 2021-22 SAT test dates are tentatively listed by the College Board but could still change. All registration deadlines are projected by PrepScholar. Look at the notes below to learn more about projection accuracy. Test Date Registration Deadline Late Registration Deadline Aug 28, 2021 July 30, 2021 Aug 18, 2021 Oct 2, 2021 Sept 3, 2021 Sept 22, 2021 Nov 6, 2021 Oct 1, 2021 Oct 20, 2021 Dec 4, 2021 Nov 5, 2021 Nov 23, 2021 Mar 12, 2022 Feb , 2022 Mar 2, 2022 May 7, 2022 Apr 1, 2022 Apr 20, 2022 June 4, 2022 May 6, 2022 May 25, 2022 How to Use These SAT Test Date Projections The vast majority of the dates above should be correct. For example, if you're taking the SAT in November 2019 and want to know whether a test date lands on your birthday or not, this calendar will tell you. At most, our projected dates might be off by a week. However, as it is with all projections, there will always be some margin of error. Feel free to plan your SAT schedule using our calendar. Within a year of your planned test date, check the College Board website for official dates. As long as you don't bet your life on it, the above SAT dates and deadlines should give you a clear idea of when future SAT tests are likely to be held. What's Next? What SAT score should you be aiming for? Learn what a good SAT score is, what a bad score is, and what an excellent SAT score is. Are you aiming for a high score on the SAT? Check out our popular step-by-step guide on how to get a perfect SAT score, written by a full scorer. Thinking about retaking the SAT? Read our guide to see whether retaking the SAT will raise your score. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today!

Conflict Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conflict Management - Assignment Example Having nothing to do at home, I decided to check on Jack earlier so that we could spend sometime telling stories as usual before finally setting off to Marcus’s party, which was some hours away. Never did I know that a bizarre incident was boiling up for the day. When my friend Jack returned from shower, he thought of calling Marcus to get us informed of how the event was progressing and just to confirm that we would not be late for the occasion. Absurdly, Jack could not find his iPhone where he thought he had placed it. Being the only man in the room, it is needless to say I was the chief suspect. With no hesitation, my friend confronted me shamelessly for stealing his gadget. It was like I had been struck hard on my head. Stealing someone’s property? Jack was my friend, how could I be that malicious even if I was accustomed thief? I could not contain my furry. I could not resist shouting back at my friend who was also at the top of his voice demanding to be given back his treasured device. However, my shouting only escalated the conflict instead of helping to find an immediate resolution to the conflict. Fortunately, Jack’s younger sister, who was outside, heard our quarrel and came into the room, perhaps, wondering if we had gotten into party mood that early. To her dismay, we were almost to the point of exchanging blows. Her first speech was, â€Å"Please, Jack what is all this about?† â€Å"Imagine that I cannot find my iPhone when this thing here was the only one I left in the room while I went to shower!† Jack replied. Without another word, she flashed out her cell phone and called Jack’s number. Fortunately, a thrilling sound emerged from an adjacent room. Jack was too ashamed to look at me straight in the eye. On the other hand, my anger had taken full control of me to think of anything other than getting back home and nursing my moment of furry in solitude. I quietly left the room and headed home. If I could replay the

Palmtop Mobile Phones Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Palmtop Mobile Phones - Assignment Example It is the world most globalizes country whose capital is London which is the third major financial center of the world. The most recent official figures shows that the GDP growth rate of United Kingdom is 3.1% where as GDP grew in 2006 was 23/4% and more than 3% in 2007. According to 2006 rating, the GDP is $ 2.1 trillion where as commercial service imports increases to $ 600 billion. The population of UK according to 2006 was 60,587,000 and out of this 50,763,000 is living in England. Initially 12 countries were choose by the firm, through screening process out of these 12 countries two countries were left and chosen by us as our product international market. The twelve countries selected by the firm are: International marketing of the product starts by assessing the international market and evaluation of the economic information that directly affect on the firm product [Alan M. Rugman and Richard M. Hodgetts (March 2000)]. Screening process for the product involves series of analysis; therefore, we have divided our screening process into many steps using economic indicators to represent that which two countries will suit best for the product. The initial screening process of the firm requires knowing the basic need and potential of population in international market [Anant K. Sundaram, J. Stewart Black, (1995)]. ... INITIAL SCREENING (Basic need and potential) The initial screening process of the firm requires knowing the basic need and potential of population in international market [Anant K. Sundaram, J. Stewart Black, (1995)]. A simple question "who might be interested in buying our product" is used to answer the basic need of the population. There are three ways to answer these questions 1. Current import policies: the current import policies of Australia, Canada, China, Japan and Germany are strict enough that it can cause a huge cost to our product. The taxes and other expenses on the import of these countries will be high as compared to other countries. As extra cost will incurred on the product that's why the cost of the product will be high in these market, causing less purchase of the PDA. Therefore, the choice of countries will exclude Australia, Canada, China, Japan and Germany. 2. Local production of PDA: Australia, Canada, Japan, China, Germany, Italy and United States of America are producing their own PDA's and therefore, establishing our market will in these market will not provide future establishment as these market already hold strong competitors for our product. China PDA's are now becoming more famous as they are using cheap technology and thus providing low price PDA's in the international market. On the other hand Germany, Italy, Japan and Australia are holding different international companies and national companies producing PDA's. 3. Demographic Changes: the demographic changes in India, Pakistan, Poland and Malaysia are in account and thus the potential for our product in these countries will be high [Lee J. Krajewski and Larry P. Ritzman (2003)]. Where as other countries are developed countries and already hold strong market

Nursing Leadership Guide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nursing Leadership Guide - Essay Example Past experiences in the nursing arena has helped individuals learn and develop theories that are applicable to day to day practices in the health care. Nursing is a very dynamic field and new challenges emerge. These challenges require high level of preparedness. According to (Daly & Speed, 2004) a recurring theme of leadership in nursing that it is something that can be learned and applied to leadership challenges as they appear. Thus leaders in nursing should have passion, commitment and flexibility. Incompetence in leadership affects all professions. Nursing is not excluded. There are so many reported cases that can be related to leadership from nurses. The fact that the profession deals with society directly is a clear indication that there is need for high level of leadership. (Williams & Media, 2015) A case is reported in a medical journal concerning a supervising nurse from a local medical centre who found herself in trouble after giving her juniors freedom to plan their own working schedule. (Nurses) The writer of the articles explains how the nurse did not posses any authority in controlling the rest of the workmates. As a supervisor, he was expected to create weekly work schedules, compile daily reports on performance of the nurses among other responsibilities. The article’s main concern was one particular event in the hospital that shocked everyone. One morning, as everyone was reporting to work, the supervising staff was shocked to realize that she was the only nurse present at work. She got concerned and decided to call the rest of the nurses. On calling the nurses, they all claimed that they thought it was their day off. An urgent meeting was called that afternoon to discuss the issue. At the meeting, the management questioned the supervising nurse concerning what really happened that night. According to her, the previous day, she asked her juniors how they would wish to take their day off starting from the following day. Each

Is There an Inherent and Morally Required Connection Between Love and Essay

Is There an Inherent and Morally Required Connection Between Love and Sex - Essay Example The paper provides a brief philosophic discussion of what love and sex are and reevaluates the significance of the love-sex connection in philosophy. Keywords: sex, love, philosophy, connection, morality. Is There an Inherent or Morally Required Connection between Sex and Love? Philosophy is one of the most interesting sources of information about reality and life. Philosophy provides a unique channel for self-reflection and analysis of the most controversial aspects of the social, economic, and cultural reality. The value of philosophy is not only in the questions it raises but in the answers it provides and the analytical and systematic nature of the philosophic method (Halwani, 2010). It would be fair to say that philosophy reacts to the emerging issues, to understand their nature and provide possible solutions. The topic of sex and love has long been a matter of hot philosophic debate. Most world religions, especially in the western world, treat sex without love as inacceptable a nd immoral. In the meantime, the postmodern world is moving toward greater rationality in all life decisions, including sex. Sex provides physical pleasure and creates an atmosphere of intimacy, for which many people long. In the postmodern reality, there is no required connection between love and sex; there is nothing immoral in pursuing sexual desire, if it is mutual; love can add intensity to sexual relations but it is not mandatory in physical contacts among humans. Humans consider themselves as higher creatures. They have mind, cognition, and language which no animals have. They also have a unique capacity to be in love and love others. This is why love is often believed to be a mandatory component in the sexual relations among humans. However, the connection between love and sex is not simple but multidimensional. It involves a broad range of feelings, from pure sexual desire, to the feeling of victory, intimacy, and love. In the postmodern world ruled by rationality and reaso n, love gives place to other mundane considerations, and sex without love is no longer considered immoral. Yet, to clarify why the connection between love is neither required nor relevant, we first need to understand the nature of love and the philosophic implications of sex and sexual desire. Sex remains one of the most controversial aspects of philosophy, morality, and ethics. Thousands of people keep to a belief that sexual desire is immoral, if it is not linked to attraction and love. Others claim that sex is empty without feeling. Whatever the reason, the nature of sex, especially plain sex, in philosophy raised different interpretations. Basically, sexual love was always considered as inferior to platonic love (Goldenberg et al., 1999). The latter presupposed that people who engaged in sexual intercourse had greater moral goals, namely procreation, and based their sexual desires on the constant exchange of other, non-sexual beliefs, interests and experiences. Religions in all parts of the world supported this view, trying to equate the nature of chastity with the meaning of virtue (Goldenberg et al., 1999). In the non-western world, sex is favored and desired in marriage but not beyond it; Indian and African cultures treat sex as an indispensable component of people’s daily lives. At the beginning of the postmodern era, sex has acquired new philosophic coloring, being both the

The Modernization and Dependency Theories of Development Essay

The Modernization and Dependency Theories of Development - Essay Example the United States and the United Kingdom) and the less developed countries found in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.This paper aims to present a comparative analysis between the modernization theory and the dependency theory; as such our aim is to highlight the differences in assumption and arguments of both theories that renders them to be of two opposing poles. We shall also attempt to investigate the points in which these frameworks meet and the issues they can find agreement on. It is imperative to first give a brief overview of the contents of both theories in order for as to clearly see the borders in which they work.Modernization as used in social sciences and in this case is defined as the transformation from a traditional, bucolic, and agrarian society into an urbanized and industrialized one (Johnson, 2005a). The social changes that constitute and results from such shift affects the society in which it is occurring entirely, a forward looking development in the lives of its constituents, and also deemed to be irreversible by modernist theorists.Modernization theory placed this concept as an overriding notion for its framework, initially putting emphasis and being born out of the rapid advancement of technology and the mass media during the 1950's and 60's (Johnson, 2005a). It can be recognized as having adapted features from the classic evolutionary theory as well as the functionalist theory. In terms of its evolutionary aspects, modernization theory is a process, literally a social and economic evolution, whereby it claims that all states go through various phases of development in a unidirectional/linear way. The most adopted formulation of such a view, is that of Walter Rostow's Stages of modernization: a.) the traditional (non-modern society that is still agriculturally based, and whose social structure is values and kinship oriented); b.) the takeoff stage can be triggered by natural, rapid climb to modernity because of the set of ideas of indivi dualism, democracy and economic opportunity or pressure to adapt in the rise of other developing countries (this phase may be further characterized by a rise in investment and entrepreneurship, transportation and communications, economic shifts being technological shifts); c.) Drive to technological maturity (marked by the flourishing of national economy and dependence on foreign trade links is dictated by economic calculations and political priorities, not by technical and institutional necessities etc.); and the last stage would be the d.) mass-consumption marked by increase income thus rendering mas consumption possible, consumer goods and services centered production, and an investment in the welfare state (Julkunen, 2006). The modernization theory asserts that the well developed countries have reached the advance stages if not the epitome of development and are at a position that could provide aide and role-modelling for the less developed states. One of the controversial claims of modernization is its appeal to homogenize society, by proposing that third world countries mimic/emulate the example of those in the western world. Dependency in itself refers to the over reliance of one nation on another. Dependency theory arised as a response to the modernization theory; it's core principles and assumptions can be considered to be opposite to those upheld by the latter mentioned. The central claim of this theory is that there exist a highly unequal distribution of Power and resources in the world economic system, and places less developed countries (LCDs) in a dependent position in relation to the industrial powers (Johnson, 2005b). Being one of the many

Human Resources Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resources Management - Case Study Example If an employee is low on behavior, but not creating problems for self or others at work place but high on productivity still the employee may be continued. But if the employee is low on productivity and is high on behavior it could actually mean that he or she is actually possibly interfering the productivity of others, this is also a strong candidate for termination. Task C: I would draw out the following matrix that will allow the management to take an informed decision on who to terminate: Employee Productivity rating Behavior rating Comments John Yimaz High Not indicated, but inferred to be good Barbara Bloomer Good Medium (stepped down from high recently) Has had a personal mishap recently Mrs. Long High Medium Wants to quit as she is not satisfied with her current responsibilities Mark Low Low Mr. Melta Low Low Potential to perform is low and is outdated to operate the current machinery Mrs. Roberta High High Hanna High High The obvious ideal candidates for retrenchment are Mr. Melta and Mark. The third candidate is Barbara Bloomer as she has become inconsistent in the last couple of months and may not be able to bounce back soon to her old shape. Once the departments are merged the responsibility of the department to deliver higher responsibility that of both the departments together, in view of this its essential to have people who are willing to work harder and take additional responsibilities. Task E: The following processes may be put in place to ensure that the redundancy at Jistota: a. Ensure regular training - this is to ensure that the employees in each department is up-to-date on skills and does not turn redundant. Also employees must be encouraged to learn formally out of the... But if the employee is low on productivity and is high on behavior it could actually mean that he or she is actually possibly interfering the productivity of others, this is also a strong candidate for termination. The obvious ideal candidates for retrenchment are Mr. Melta and Mark. The third candidate is Barbara Bloomer as she has become inconsistent in the last couple of months and may not be able to bounce back soon to her old shape. Once the departments are merged the responsibility of the department to deliver higher responsibility that of both the departments together, in view of this its essential to have people who are willing to work harder and take additional responsibilities. a. Ensure regular training - this is to ensure that the employees in each department is up-to-date on skills and does not turn redundant. Also employees must be encouraged to learn formally out of the work environment so that they remain contemporary and their employability factor remains high and they continue to be attractive to the employers b. Job Rotation: Job rotation will ensure that the employees are multi-skilled and will be able to work in more than one department. This will also ensure that if they become redundant (as in the case presented) they can be considered for alternate positions in a different department.

The Modernization and Dependency Theories of Development Essay

The Modernization and Dependency Theories of Development - Essay Example the United States and the United Kingdom) and the less developed countries found in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.This paper aims to present a comparative analysis between the modernization theory and the dependency theory; as such our aim is to highlight the differences in assumption and arguments of both theories that renders them to be of two opposing poles. We shall also attempt to investigate the points in which these frameworks meet and the issues they can find agreement on. It is imperative to first give a brief overview of the contents of both theories in order for as to clearly see the borders in which they work.Modernization as used in social sciences and in this case is defined as the transformation from a traditional, bucolic, and agrarian society into an urbanized and industrialized one (Johnson, 2005a). The social changes that constitute and results from such shift affects the society in which it is occurring entirely, a forward looking development in the lives of its constituents, and also deemed to be irreversible by modernist theorists.Modernization theory placed this concept as an overriding notion for its framework, initially putting emphasis and being born out of the rapid advancement of technology and the mass media during the 1950's and 60's (Johnson, 2005a). It can be recognized as having adapted features from the classic evolutionary theory as well as the functionalist theory. In terms of its evolutionary aspects, modernization theory is a process, literally a social and economic evolution, whereby it claims that all states go through various phases of development in a unidirectional/linear way. The most adopted formulation of such a view, is that of Walter Rostow's Stages of modernization: a.) the traditional (non-modern society that is still agriculturally based, and whose social structure is values and kinship oriented); b.) the takeoff stage can be triggered by natural, rapid climb to modernity because of the set of ideas of indivi dualism, democracy and economic opportunity or pressure to adapt in the rise of other developing countries (this phase may be further characterized by a rise in investment and entrepreneurship, transportation and communications, economic shifts being technological shifts); c.) Drive to technological maturity (marked by the flourishing of national economy and dependence on foreign trade links is dictated by economic calculations and political priorities, not by technical and institutional necessities etc.); and the last stage would be the d.) mass-consumption marked by increase income thus rendering mas consumption possible, consumer goods and services centered production, and an investment in the welfare state (Julkunen, 2006). The modernization theory asserts that the well developed countries have reached the advance stages if not the epitome of development and are at a position that could provide aide and role-modelling for the less developed states. One of the controversial claims of modernization is its appeal to homogenize society, by proposing that third world countries mimic/emulate the example of those in the western world. Dependency in itself refers to the over reliance of one nation on another. Dependency theory arised as a response to the modernization theory; it's core principles and assumptions can be considered to be opposite to those upheld by the latter mentioned. The central claim of this theory is that there exist a highly unequal distribution of Power and resources in the world economic system, and places less developed countries (LCDs) in a dependent position in relation to the industrial powers (Johnson, 2005b). Being one of the many

Intelligence Community Credibility- How do we get it back Research Paper

Intelligence Community Credibility- How do we get it back - Research Paper Example Therefore the accent in activities of intelligence community was shifted to a multi-perspective consideration about challenging issues of American society and the main goal of this organization is currently seen in serving American nation and not only to respond to the President. For the majority of people Intelligence Community is associated with films about spies. In America 14 agencies and organizations are united in a group where its participants develop their intelligent activities for provision of national security. Intelligent Community has a regulative basis specified in Executive Order 12333, which was signed by President Ronald Reagan on December 4, 1981 (Intelligent reform, 2008). In accordance with this order Intelligence Community provides American government with the information appropriate for foreign, defense, and economic policies. There are â€Å"four methods of intelligence collection: human, signals, imagery, and measurement and signatures intelligence (HUMINT, S IGINT, IMINT, and MASINT)† (Intelligent reform, 2008). All activities of IC are conducted under the guidance of the Director of Intelligent Community. Since 1947 Intelligent Community experienced numerous reforms. The most recent reform was conducted in the beginning of the XXI century, in 2004. After a dreadful terroristic act on September 11 the main claim of the act was a propagation of "unity of effort" (Intelligent reform, 2008). It was necessary to integrate and develop information sharing. Potential threats facing American society had to be more properly considered by Intelligent Community. Information is the central focus of representatives of intelligence community, policymakers, enforcement officers and other participants of this organization. A more detailed discussion of information is a way out to forecast potential terroristic threats. Intelligence community currently is supposed to perform the following function: â€Å"The threats posed today by terrorist group s, rogue states and transnational criminal networks are severe and daunting, and the increased effectiveness of the intelligence community is helping us combat these threats† (Fixing Intelligence: for a More Secure America, 2003). Currently a mutual collaboration of DNI and CIA is directed on an intelligence community efficiency increase. In such a way, ‘group think’ may facilitate ideas competition, which is relevant to intelligence analysis. Moreover, DNI is supposed to undermine power and authority of the Defense Department and intelligent support may be neglected. Nevertheless, DNI confirmed expectations and shifted its accents to consideration of community-wide matters. Consequently, management aspect of intelligence community is also better regulated now. A creation of the National Counterterrorism Center is another modern innovation introduced in the activities of the intelligence community, because it is directed on facilitation of terrorism-related intell igence analysis and deals with counterterrorism efforts regulation on behalf of the federal government. A modern generation of intelligence analysts is surrounded by enormous possibilities and tools facilitating their work. Electronic resources and information technologies facilitate a process of information sharing/discussing (Herrington, 2008). With regard to a wide-spread occurrence of social networks, officers of intelligence

The Epic Of Gilgamesh | Analysis

The Epic Of Gilgamesh | Analysis The epic of Gilgamesh, is one of the oldest pieces of literature still read to date and the themes are still some that society can relate to. The trials and tribulations the main characters in this epic poem go through can easily be used to interpret challenges in peoples everyday life today. Gilgamesh the hero in the story who is also king to the great city of Uruk is blessed with strength, wisdom, beauty and is two-thirds god like. Gilgamesh is also very arrogant, self-absorbed and most certainly, lonely. The people of the city of Uruk pray to the gods for help with Gilgamesh and the gods send Enkidu. Enkidu is a wild, natural and carefree man who has subsisted in the woods. On a day when Gilgamesh is on his way to do what he feels is his birth right and sleep with a bride to be of one of his men Enkidu blocks him and challenges him to a fight. Gilgamesh who is undeniable the more powerful one of the two wins. Enkidu praises the king instead of being upset and causes Gilgamesh in r eturn to embrace Enkidu as his friend. This is the beginning of a bond of friendship in which both are opposites but they balance each other out. This is also where the transformation of Gilgamesh begins we see how meeting his complement teaches him to appreciate humanity and the bond of brotherhood that grows between them. Gilgamesh finally realized that the feeling of loneliness that he felt was the yearning of his soul for a true friend. Although it is a very primitive way but Gilgamesh begins to show signs of selflessness as soon as he brings his new found friend Enkidu home. Gilgamesh introduces his new friend to his mother, Gilgameshs mother adopts Enkidu he becomes not only the servant, confidant, and friend of Gilgamesh, but also he is referred to as a blood brother. The first journey that Gilgamesh proposes is an attempt to lift his friends spirits because he had noticed his weeping, Gilgamesh speaks, why are your eyes full of tears, why are you listless, your strength turned to weakness? (Gilgamesh, Tablet 2, 136-137). Gilgamesh has failed to get to know his friend and his action seem careless and selfish. When his intentions are to share what he feels would be a good time with Enkidu. Gilgamesh is not aware of the dangers in the forest and tells Enkidu they should journey into the forest and kill Humbaba. Enkidu attempts to speak some sense into Gilgamesh about the dangers of the wild but of course Gilgamesh still being selfish does not see his friend is trying to protect him. They set out to the forest Enkidu is entrusted to take care of the king of Uruk and bring him back home safe. Thought these two men just met there bond is immediate and while in the forest the trust Gilgamesh has in Enkidu is so great that when he wakes from sleeping tells his friends his dreams and feels comfort in his interpretation of them. When they finally reach their goal and confront the monster Humbaba in the forest the influence they have on each other is obvious. Gilgamesh the never wavering strong one has second thoughts and here come Enkidu and tell him those words of encouragement he needs to hear and Gilgamesh kills Humbaba. The men return home and are content for a while. As time progresses the loyalty Gilgamesh and Enkidu have towards each other grows. Almost childlike the way Enkidu responds to the princess and also goddess Ishtar who attempted to kill Gilgamesh in a fit of rage because he refused to marry her. Enkidu says to Ishtar If I could vanquish you, Id turn you to this, Id drape the guts beside you! (Gilgamesh, Tablet 6, 154-155). Enkidu is referring to the guts of the bull of heaven the princess had released to kill Gilgamesh but it failed to do so instead the two friends join together and kill it taking its horns as a trophy. The men caring spirit towards each other even though the response is playful in nature it brings comfort to the other to know that they have each others back. Unfortunately the gods felt that the insult towards Ishtar was enough and decide to punish the two friends. In the mist of all their adventures Gilgamesh has still never experienced a loss and still he feels that he is invincible. In spite of all of Gilgameshs p ower, he is incapable of preventing Enkidus death. Enkidu the great friend of Gilgamesh dies a death he considers to be a curse, he would have much rather a glorious death in battle but instead he lays in bed and waste away from an illness. This is the first time that Gilgamesh feels lost and helpless even his mighty strength cannot save his friend. Also Gilgamesh will get in touch with his human side and feel fear for he finally has come to the realization that he is human and death comes to all even him. Gilgamesh says, The fate of mankind has overtaken him, Six days and seven nights I wept for him, I would not give him up for burial, until a worm fell out of his nose. I was frightened (Gilgamesh, Tablet 10, 58-61) Gilgamesh referring to his friend Enkidu, that even after his death he was holding on to the hope that just maybe hes friend would wake up somehow. It took him seven days to finally realize that he is powerless against death. Gilgamesh gives his friend a lavish burial ceremony, lays him to rest in what he describes as a perfect resting place. The king also serves many offerings to the rulers of the underworld so that his friend is taking care of. Gilgamesh also calls on his craftsmen and has them build a statue in the image of his great friend covered in gold and other precious metals and stones to forever immortalize his friend. The fact remains Gilgamesh realizes his full humanity when Enkidu dies and he decides to go on a quest to search for immortality. Gilgamesh still consumed with pride will go on one last journey to seek eternal life, for he fears that his death will one day come just like it did for his friend Enkidu. Gilgamesh has become more aware of the vulnerability that comes along with being human. Without knowing he has also learned to care for another human being other than himself. Gilgamesh still full of pride refuses to give up and begins his journey. Along the way Gilgamesh encounters a few obstacles, first it was a pair of serpents that guard the entrance of the mountain he intends to pass. He pleads with them to let him through and tells them he is searching for eternal life, even though they tell him that he will never find it he is relentless and refuses to give up so they let him through. Next, he encounters Siduri the tavern keeper who tell him again immortality is not for humans but Gilgamesh refuses to listen, he pleads saying he is heartsick for his friend and to please allow him to cross or he will never ha ve peace within. But Siduri advises him and tell him that he should be content and enjoy his life and tells him This, then, is the work of mankind (Gilgamesh, Tablet 10, 90). The king of Uruk has ability to live life to the fullest to be merry, but instead he refuses and continues his search for something that is not attainable to human beings. Gilgamesh reaches the sea which is the last obstacle he believes he needs to cross to reach Utanapishtim the oldest human known to man and the only human who has been granted immortal life by the gods. Gilgamesh believes that by reaching him he will find the answer hes looking for and be granted eternal life. After finally crossing the waters of death Gilgamesh finally reaches Utanapishtim and tells him the purposes of his journey is to seek eternal life. Gilgamesh says Enkidu, my friend whom I loved has turned into clay! Shall I not lie down like him, and never get up, forever and ever?(Gilgamesh, Table 10, 265-267). In an effort to gain compassion from Utanapishtim this great King of Uruk will go into great detail in telling him of all the hardships he had to endure in his journey to reach the only person that may be able to tell him how to obtain immortality. Utanapishtim, does the opposite of what Gilgamesh expect him to do, instead of feeling pity for Gilgamesh he points out that all the hardships he has endured are by choice. Gilgamesh does not want to hear that instead he presses to know the reason why he has been granted immortality; finally he learns the story of the flood and why the gods granted Utanapishtim everlasting life. Utanapishtim gives Gilgamesh one chance to everlasti ng life and challenges Gilgamesh to stay awake for a week, he fails when he wakes Gilgamesh says What then should I do, Utanapishtim, whither should I go, Now that the Bereaver has seized my [flesh]? Death lurks in my bedchamber, and wherever I turn there is death! (Gilgamesh, Tablet 10, 246-249). With nowhere else to go with his quest of eternity Utanapishtim sends Gilgamesh home not before telling him to count his blessings and enjoy his life. He also gives him a plant of everlasting youth that again Gilgamesh fails to take care of and drops it allowing a snake to eat it. Gilgamesh weeps and finally realizes that although he searched far and wide for the secret of immortality, he found nothing and lay exhausted. Gilgamesh returns home and for the first time he looks at his great city of Uruk with pride. The Epic of Gilgamesh showed the reasons of Gilgameshs grief and why his attempt to do the impossible was so important to him. In a way Gilgamesh was looking to see if there was anything he could do and maybe be able to bring his friend Enkidu back to life. Enkidu shows Gilgamesh true friendship and love. It also showed how loyal friends could be to each other and how fast a friendship is born. The two friends learn from each other and support each other through all their journeys together. As Enkidu becomes more civilized by leaving his wild nature behind him, Gilgamesh was becoming a more selfless human being and leaving the tyrant king he used to be behind him Even though the two men had nothing in common in the surface they took notice of each others kindred spirits. Friends on impulse who formed a bond for no apparent reason but in return give us a glance at what it means to have a best friend and confidant. This also tells us that it doesnt matter how much humanity evolves the bonds we form with friends or family are just as important today as they were centuries ago.